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Table 1 Demographic data, clinic-radiologic, and thoracoscopic findings of the studied patients (n = 24)

From: Modified thoracoscopic pleural cryo-biopsy in diagnosis of exudative pleural effusion of undetermined etiology

 

No. (%)

Age (years)

 < 55

10 (41.7%)

 ≥ 55

14 (58.3%)

 Median (min–max)

56 (25–76)

 Mean ± SD

53.6 ± 15.1

Gender

 Male

12 (50%)

 Female

12 (50%)

Smoking history

 Non-smoker

13 (54.2%)

 Current or ex-smoker

11 (45.8%)

Clinical data

 Dyspnea

22 (91.7%)

 Cough

9 (37.5%)

 Chest pain

12 (50%)

 Loss of weight

9 (37.5%)

Chest X-ray (pleural effusion side)

 Right side

12 (50%)

 Left side

10 (41.7%)

 Bilateral

2 (8.3%)

Pleural fluid malignant cells

 Negative

22 (91.7%)

 Positive

2 (8.3%)

  Metastatic carcinoma

1 (50%)

  Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma

1 (50%)

Thoracoscopic findings

 Nodules

  Absent

6 (25%)

   Solitary

5 (20.8%)

   Multiple

10 (41.7%)

   Diffuse

3 (12.5%)

 Masses

  Absent

14 (58.3%)

   Solitary

3 (12.5%)

   Multiple

5 (20.8%)

   Diffuse

2 (8.3%)

 Plaques

  Absent

18 (75%)

   Solitary

2 (8.3%)

   Multiple

4 (16.7%)

   Diffuse

0 (0%)

 Adhesions

  Absent

17 (70.8%)

  Present

7 (29.2%)

 Pleural thickening

  Absent

4 (16.7%)

  Present

20 (83.3%)

   Diffuse

13 (65%)

   Focal

7 (35%)

 Procedure side

  Right side

13 (54.2%)

  Left side

11 (45.8%)