Table 1 The antenatal profile of pregnant women exposed to secondhand smoking versus non-exposed pregnant women
Characteristics | SHS exposed women (n = 36) | SHS non-exposed women (n = 48) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD)/range | 27.8 ± 6.6/(20–41) | 31.2 ± 6.2/ (20–45) | 0.02* | |
Residence: no. (%): urban/rural | 29 (80.5)/7 (19.5) | 46 (95.8)/2 (4.2) | 0.02* | |
Education: no. (%): illiterate/educated | 16 (44.4)/20 (55.6) | 18 (37.5)/30 (62.5) | 0.5 | |
Occupation: no. (%): not employed/employed | 34 (94.4)/2 (5.6) | 44 (91.6)/4 (8.4) | 0.6 | |
Exposure Median (range)/IQR | Duration (years): | 3 (1–11)/3.5 | – | – |
Exposure indexa | 380 (114–1140)/553 | – | – | |
Daily exposure (hours) | 2 (0.75–4)/2 | – | – | |
Last exposure (hours) | 12 (1–36)/5 | – | – | |
Cotinine-creatinine ratio (CCR) (ng/mg.cr) | Mean ± SD | 0.1 ± 0.08 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.002* |
Mean rank | 40.3 | 29.3 | 0.04* | |
(Range)/IQR | (0.01–0.2)/0.18 | 0.04 (0.01–0.1)/0.03 | ||
Gravida number | 3.5 ± 2.1 | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 0.4 | |
History of pre-eclampsia | 9 (0.25) | 2 (4.1) | 0.005* | |
Current pre-eclampsia | 1 (2.7) | 1 (2.1) | 0.8 | |
Bronchial asthma | 7 (19.4) | 2 (4.1) | 0.02* | |
Hypertension | 1 (2.7) | 0 | 0.2 | |
CHD | 1 (2.7) | 0 | 0.2 | |
Bronchial asthma in one child | 9 (0.25) | 0 | < 0.001* | |
Weight gain (kg) | 11.8 ± 5.5 | 11.1 ± 3.1 | 0.4 | |
MAP (mm Hg) | 93.6 ± 7 | 94.5 ± 4.2 | 0.4 | |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 88.6 ± 9 | 86.3 ± 6.6 | 0.1 | |