The role of infectious pathogens in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Dakahlia Governorate

The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of studied cases

Age, mean (± SD)		62 (± 8)
Smoking index (pack-year), median		39.4
		Number	Percent (%)
Sex	Male	98	98.0
Sex	Female	2	2.0
Smoking	Current	46	46.0
	Ex-smoker	44	44.0
	Nonsmokers	10	10.0
Smoking type	Cigarette	78	78.0
	Shisha	6	6.0
	Both	6	6.0
Occupation	Non-risky occupations	64	64.0
Occupation	Risky occupations	36	36.0
Residence	Urban	62	62
Residence	Rural	38	38

Risky occupations considered as risk factor for COPD, e.g., cafe workers, bakers, carpenters, agriculture workers, painters, diesel workers, and welding workers