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Table 7 Fungal isolates in association to sociodemographic characteristics of studied patients

From: The role of infectious pathogens in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Dakahlia Governorate

Parameter

Total

No growth, n (%), 18 (18)

Fungal growth, n (%), 82 (82)

Significance (p value)

Age, mean (± SD)

 

59.9 ± 7.1

63.1 ± 8.2

0.128d

Sex, n (%)

Male

98

18 (18.4)

80 (81.6)

1b

Female

2

0 (0)

2 (100)

 

Occupation, n (%)

Non-risky

64

9 (14.1)

55 (85.9)

0.172a

Risky

36

9 (25)

27 (75)

 

Residence, n (%)

Urban

62

7 (11.3)

55 (88.7)

.026a

Rural

38

11 (28.9)

27 (71.1)

 

Smoking, n (%)

Current smokers

46

6 (13)

40 (87)

R

Ex-smokers

44

10 (22.7)

34 (77.3)

.230a

Nonsmokers

10

2 (20)

8 (80)

0.623a

Smoking index (pack-year), n (%)

Median

Median

40

40

.830c

Range

< 40

8 (50)

22 (29.8)

 

40–60

7 (43.7)

24 (32.4)

 

> 60

1 (6.3)

28 (37.8)

 
  1. Risky occupations considered as risk factor for COPD, e.g., cafe workers, bakers, carpenters, agriculture workers, painters, diesel workers, and welding workers
  2. R reference class
  3. aChi-square
  4. bFisher’s exact
  5. cMann-Whitney
  6. dT test