From: A prospective observational study on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in pulmonology department of tertiary care hospital
Habitual exposure
Male (%)
Female (%)
Total (%)
Smokers
89 (45.2)
5 (2.5)
94 (47.7)
Ex-smokers < 6 months
12 (6.1)
0 (0)
Ex-smokers > 6 months
61 (31.0)
4 (2.0)
65 (33.0)
Non-smokers
18 (9.1)
8 (4.1)
26 (13.2)