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Table 3 Logistic regression for predictors of ICU admission

From: Prognostic biomarkers in COVID-19 infection: value of anemia, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and D-dimer

Factors

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

Age (≥ 55 years)

3.4 (2.2–5.3)

< 0.001^

0.87 (0.420–1.8)

0.709

Sex (Ref. = female)

 Male

1.6 (1.0–2.4)

0.042^

1.8 (0.94–3.5)

0.075

Fever

2.9 (1.7–5.0)

< 0.001^

1.1 (0.49–2.6)

0.774

Constitutional symptoms

2.1 (1.4–3.3)

0.001

1.3 (0.69–2.6)

0.390

Cough

2.5 (1.5–4.1)

< 0.001^

1.0 (0.48–2.2)

0.971

Dyspnea

4.8 (3.0–7.6)

< 0.001^

2.3 (1.1–5.0)

0.032^

Presence of comorbidity

3.0 (1.9–4.8)

0.001^

3.0 (1.4–6.3)

0.004^

Anemic (HB < 12 g/dl)

3.2 (2.1–5.1)

< 0.001^

3.4 (1.7–6.5)

< 0.001 ^

WBCs (Ref. = 4–10*103/ul)

 Low (< 4)

0.72 (0.34–1.5)

0.394

1.4 (0.45–4.6)

0.541

 High (> 10)

3.0 (1.9–4.8)

< 0.001

1.03 (0.48–2.2)

0.934

High neutrophil (> 7*103/ul)

3.6 (2.3–5.6)

< 0.001^

1.2 (0.40–3.6)

0.760

Low lymphocyte % (< 20)

4.1 (2.5–6.7)

< 0.001^

0.63 (0.26–1.5)

0.303

Low absolute lymphocytes (< 1.5*103/ul)

2.9 (1.8–4.8)

< 0.001^

0.61 (0.24–1.6)

0.327

High NLR (> 8)

9.7 (5.8–16.2)

< 0.001^

7.2 (2.9–17.7)

< 0.001 ^

High PLR (> 192)

4.3 (2.7–6.9)

< 0.001^

3.2 (1.4–7.7)

0.008 ^

INR (≥ 1.1)

3.1 (1.8–5.1)

< 0.001^

1.8 (0.86–3.9)

0.119

Low albumin (< 34 g/L)

1.6 (1.0–2.5)

0.037^

0.922 (0.49–1.8)

0.806

High AST (> 34 U/L)

1.8 (1.2–2.8)

0.006^

1.3 (0.64–2.5)

0.496

High ALT (> 45 U/L)

2.2 (1.4–3.4)

0.001^

1.9 (0.93–4.0)

0.079

High BUN (> 8.2 mmol/L)

3.4 (2.1–5.3)

< 0.001^

1.6 (0.86–3.1)

0.135

High ferritin (> 440 ng/ml)

4.9 (3.1–7.7)

< 0.001^

1.5 (0.77–3.0)

0.226

High D-dimer (> 0.9 mg/L)

5.8 (3.6–9.2)

< 0.001^

2.3 (1.2–4.3)

0.011 ^

High CRP (> 23 mg/dl)

3.7 (2.3–5.9)

< 0.001^

1.3 (0.62–2.)

0.519

  1. HB hemoglobin, WBCs white blood cells, NLR neutrophil lymphocytic ratio, PLR platelets lymphocytic ratio, INR international normalization ratio, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, BUN blood urea nitrogen, CRP C-reactive protein
  2. ^Significant p value