Table 1 Demographic, clinical data, and biochemical parameters in controls (n = 36) and lung cancer cases (n = 54)

Age (years)

55.47 ± 1.5

56.31 ± 0.83

0.6

Sex:

22/14

40/14

0.2

Male/female

(61%/39%)

(74%/26%)

Active smokers

20 (55.56%)

43(79.62%)

 < 0.01*

Non-smokers

16 (44.44%)

11(20.37%)

Hb(g/dl)

11.26 ± 0.32

9.65 ± 0.14

 < 0.001***

Staging

- Stage I

–

24 (44%)

–

- Stage II

30 (56%)

Histopathological type

- Adenocarcinoma

–

17 (31.46%)

–

- Squamous cell carcinoma

14 (25.93%)

- Large cell carcinoma

12 (22.22%)

- Small cell carcinoma

11 (20.4%)

-Tissue PDL-1 Expression

0.98 ± 0.04

5.13 ± 0.57

 < 0.001***

- Tissue VDR expression

1.06 ± 0.06

0.45 ± 0.03

 < 0.001***

- Serum vitamin D level (ng/ml)

33.28 ± 2.51

24.24 ± 1.78

0.003**