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The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology
Fig. 1 | The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology

Fig. 1

From: Impacts of vitamin C and D supplement on COVID-19 treatment: possible patho-mechanisms and evidence from different countries

Fig. 1

Vitamin C. Its immunomodulatory activities prevent the formation of cytokine storms in two ways. a It activates neutrophils (TNF and IL-1β) which block neutrophil extracellular trap (NETosis) in the alveolar space. On the other hand, the neutrophils also inhibit nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NFkB). These two ways prevent the formation of cytokines in the body. b Vitamin C also matures lymphocytes and macrophages in the prevention of cytokine storms. Moreover, vitamin C has anti-inflammatory activities, reduces reactive oxidative species (ROS), and protects the epithelial barrier. These activities of vitamin C protect the body from diseases and also reduce the severity of diseases

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