Table 3 Clinical characteristics of the COPD patients according to their CT phenotypes (n = 50)

Exacerbations, mean ± SD

 Total number

1.90 ± 0.81

2.13 ± 0.35

2.40 ± 0.58

2.00 ± 1.0

2.00 ± 1.0

0.771^¥

 Moderate

1.90 ± 0.82

2.13 ± 0.83

2.40 ± 0.54

2.20 ± .83

1.33 ± 0.57

0.370

 Severe

1.41 ± 0.56

1.38 ± 0.52

1.40 ± 0.55

1.67 ± 0.58

1.40 ± 0.89

0.022

GOLD grading, N (%)

0.555^*

 Gold 1

1 (33.3)

1 (33.3)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (33.3)

 Gold 2

28 (59.6)

7 (14.9)

5 (10.6)

5 (10.6)

2 (4.3)

Refined ABCD assessment tool, N (%)

 B

7 (58.3)

2 (16.7)

0 (0.0)

2 (16.7)

1 (8.3)

0.657^*

 D

22 (57.9)

6 (15.8)

5 (13.2)

3 (7.9)

2 (5.3)

BODE index, mean ± SD

2.03 ± 0.98

2.13 ± 1.12

2.80 ± 1.30

2.60 ± 1.14

1.00 ± 0.10

0.156^¥

6 min walking test, mean ± SD

 - 6 min walking test, distance, meters

456.34 ± 26.27

444.63 ± 47.86

467.40 ± 28.95

414.80 ± 36.80

412.67 ± 47.05

0.026^¥

 - Initial SpO2, %

95.10 ± 1.72

94.13 ± 2.35

95.40 ± 1.34

93.00 ± 1.00

94.67 ± 2.08

0.123

 - Final SpO2, %

92.10 ± 6.11

91.38 ± 3.54

94.80 ± 2.28

90.60 ± 1.34

92.67 ± 2.88

0.733

Modified Medical Research Council Scale, mean ± SD

2.07 ± 0.75

1.88 ± 0.83

2.40 ± 0.55

3.20 ± 0.84

1.00 ± 0.10

0.003

CAT Questionnaire Total score, mean ± SD ¥

21.69 ± 5.47

25.63 ± 4.27

35.40 ± 2.60

24.00 ± 3.16

18.00 ± 3.46

 < 0.001^¥

 - Cough (CAT 1)

3.45 ± 0.68

3.88 ± 0.64

4.20 ± 0.44

3.60 ± 0.89

3.33 ± 0.58

0.149

 - Mucus (CAT 2)

3.59 ± 0.73

3.88 ± 0.62

4.20 ± 0.45

3.80 ± 0.44

3.33 ± 0.57

0.286

 - Chest tightness (CAT 3)

2.66 ± 0.93

2.88 ± 0.83

3.80 ± 0.44

2.60 ± 1.140

2.00 ± .0.10

0.040

 - Walk Uphill (CAT 4)

2.52 ± 0.94

2.88 ± 0.85

3.62 ± 0.58

2.40 ± 0.548

1.33 ± 0.57

0.011

 - Home activity (CAT 5)

2.31 ± 0.89

2.63 ± 0.91

3.60 ± 0.54

2.40 ± 1.140

1.33 ± 0.58

0.013

 - Leaving home (CAT 6)

2.00 ± 0.80

2.38 ± 1.06

3.00 ± 0.70

1.80 ± 0.837

1.33 ± 0.57

0.041

 - Sleep (CAT 7)

3.41 ± 0.90

3.75 ± 0.70

4.20 ± 0.83

3.60 ± 0.548

3.33 ± 0.55

0.357

 - Energy (CAT 8)

1.93 ± 0.70

2.50 ± 0.92

3.40 ± 0.54

1.80 ± 0.837

2.00 ± .0.10

0.002

SGRQ-c Questionnaire

Total score (%), mean ± SD

53.73 ± 7.70

55.00 ± 8.09

53.15 ± 9.86

50.52 ± 7.86

42.92 ± 4.10

0.206^¥

 - Symptoms score (%)

60.97 ± 8.92

62.09 ± 8.37

60.70 ± 15.30

53.72 ± 11.52

48.60 ± 6.25

0.166

 - Activity score (%)

58.28 ± 10.39

50.11 ± 9.23

61.91 ± 10.64

56.71 ± 13.03

53.20 ± 9.67

0.269

 - Impact score (%)

48.49 ± 8.71

47.96 ± 5.82

51.05 ± 10.50

45.74 ± 9.32

39.49 ± 5.03

0.399