Table 1 Comparison of both groups regarding baseline features, comorbidities, ABG, PFT, HRCT, and ECHO

Patient, no

69

45 (65.2%)

24 (34.8%)

Age (years)

53.1 ± 14.2

50.1 ± 14.5

58.6 ± 12.2

0.01*

Weight (kg)

73.5 ± 19.4

70.5 ± 20.2

79.04 ± 16.7

0.08

Height (cm)

158.4 ± 11.8

155.6 ± 10.7

163.6 ± 12.3

0.006**

BMI (kg/m²)

29.2 ± 7

28.8 ± 7.2

29.8 ± 6.7

0.6

Neck circumference (cm)

39.1 ± 4.3

38.4 ± 3.8

40.5 ± 4.8

0.07

Sex

 Male

13 (18.8%)

5 (38.50%)

8 (61.50%)

0.04*

 Female

56 (81.2%)

40 (71.40%)

16 (28.60%)

Occupation

 Not working males

3 (4.30%)

2 (66.70%)

1 (33.30%)

0.8

 Housewife

43 (62.40%)

29 (67.40%)

14 (32.60%)

 Working

23 (33.30%)

14 (60.90%)

9 (39.10%)

Smoking/biomass exposure

 Non-smoker

18 (26.10%)

12 (66.70%)

6 (33.30%)

0.1

 Smoking

7 (10.1%)

2 (28.6%)

5 (71.4%)

 Biomass exposure

44 (63.8%)

31 (70.5%)

13 (29.50%)

ABG

 PH

7.4 ± 0.04

7.4 ± 0.05

7.4 ± 0.03

0.3

 PaO₂

74.7 ± 12.8

73.8 ± 12.6

76.4 ± 13.3

0.4

 PaCO₂

39.7 ± 13.1

38.7 ± 13.4

41.6 ± 12.6

0.3

 SaO₂%

93.6 ± 3.4

93.4 ± 3.5

93.8 ± 3.3

0.6

 CRP

29.9 ± 42.4

25.1 ± 34

38.8 ± 54.5

0.2

Pulmonary function

 FEV1/FVC

73.4 ± 13.9

72.3 ± 14.7

75.6 ± 12.1

0.3

 FEV1%

49.3 ± 20

49.4 ± 22.7

49.3 ± 14.1

0.9

 FVC%

53.2 ± 22.9

56.4 ± 26.3

47.1 ± 13.1

0.1

 SpO₂ on RA

87.1 ± 8.6

86.9 ± 9.6

87.6 ± 6.6

0.7

 6MWD (m)

183.4 ± 113.7

193.3 ± 111.8

164.8 ± 117.5

0.3

Interstitial lung disease

 GGO

46 (66.7%)

29 (60.9%)

17 (39.1%)

0.4

 Air trapping

27 (39.1%)

18 (66.7%)

9 (33.3%)

0.9

 Honeycombing

14 (20.3%)

7 (50%)

7 (50%)

0.2

 Reticulations

42 (60.9%)

25 (59.5%)

17 (40.5%)

0.3

 Nodular

4 (5.8%)

2 (50%)

2 (50%)

0.6

 Cystic

4 (5.8%)

3 (75%)

1 (25%)

1

Possible etiology

 HP

44 (63.8%)

31 (70.5%)

13 (29.5%)

0.3

 CTD-ILD

8 (11.6%)

6 (75%)

2 (25%)

 IPF

15 (21.7%)

7 (46.7%)

8 (53.3%)

 Sarcoidosis

2 (2.9%)

1 (50%)

1 (50%)

Comorbidities

 DM

13 (18.8%)

5 (46.20%)

8 (53.80%)

0.2

 HTN

15 (21.7%)

9 (60%)

6 (40%)

0.8

Echo findings

 EF%

66.03 ± 4.9

66.7 ± 4.4

64.3 ± 5.4

0.03*

 Lt atrium diameter (mm)

3.4 ± 0.35

3.2 ± 0.31

3.5 ± 0.33

0.001**

 EPASP (mmHg)

42.6 ± 23

44.6 ± 25.9

38.8 ± 15.9

0.3

Degree of PHT

 No

38 (55.2%)

24 (63.2%)

14 (36.8%)

0.3

 Mild (40–50)

9 (13%)

4 (44.4%)

5 (55.6%)

 Moderate (51–60)

11 (15.9%)

8 (72.7%)

3 (27.3%)

 Severe(> 60)

11 (15.9%)

9 (81.8%)

2 (18.2%)

RT ventricle

 Normal

47 (68.1%)

29 (61.7%)

18 (38.2%)

0.4

 Dilated

22 (31.9%)

16 (72.7%)

6 (27.3%)