Griffith M, Brett S. The pulmonary physician in critical care illustrative case 3: pulmonary vasculitis. Thorax 2003; 58:543–546.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gallagher H, Kwan J, Jayne RW. Pulmonary-renal syndrome: a 4-year, single center experience. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 38:42–47.
Google Scholar
Papiris SA, Manali ED, Kalomenidis L, Kapotsis GE, Karakatsani A, Roussos C. Bench-to-bedside review: pulmonary-renal syndromes – an update for the intensivist. Critical Care 2007; 11:213.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
McCabe C, Jones Q, Nikolopoulou A, Wathen C, Luqmani R. Pulmonaryrenal syndromes: an update for respiratory physicians. Respir Med 2011; 105:1413–1421.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ioachimescu OC, Stoller JK. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: diagnosing it and finding the cause. Cleve Clin J Med 2008; 75:258–280.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moroni G, Ponticelli C. Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulo-nephritis: early treatment is a must. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:723–729.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kimmel M, Braun N, Alscher MD. Differential diagnosis of the pulmonary–renal syndrome. In: Prabhakar S, editor. An update on glomerulopathies – clinical and treatment aspects. InTech; 2011. pp. 291–299.
Sexena R, Bygren P, Arvastson B, Wieslander J. Circulating autoantibodies as serological markers in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary renal syndrome. J Internal Med 1995; 238:143–152.
Google Scholar
Niles JL, Böttinger EP, Saurina GR, Kelly KJ, Pan G, et al. The syndrome of lung hemorrhage and nephritis is usually an ANCA-associated condition. Arch Internal Med 1996; 156:440–445.
CAS
Google Scholar
Falk RJ, Jennette JC. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies with specificity for myeloperoxidase in patients with systemic vasculitis and idiopathic necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis. N Engl J Med 1988; 318:1651–1657.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bosch X, Guilabert A, Font J. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Lancet 2006; 368:404–418.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
LittleMA, Smyth CL, Yadav R,Ambrose L, Cook HT, Sussan Nourshargh S, Pusey CD. Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies directed against myeloperoxidase augment leukocyte microvascular interactions in vivo. Blood 2005; 106:2050–2058.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xiao H, Heeringa P, Liu Z, Huugen D, Hu P, Maeda D, et al. The role of neutrophils in the induction of glomerulonephritis by anti-myelo-peroxidase antibodies. Am J Pathol 2005; 167:39–45.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Booth A, Pusey C, Jayne D. Renal vasculitis – an update in 2004. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19:1964–1968.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lara AR, Schwarz MI. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Chest 2010; 137:1164–1171.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bacon PA. The spectrum of Wegener’s granulomatosis and disease relapse. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:330–332.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Langford C, Hoffman G. Wegener’s granulomatosis. Thorax 1999; 54:629–637.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Savige J, Davies D, Falk R, Jennette JC, Wiik A. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and associated diseases: a review of the clinical and laboratory features. Kidney Int 2000; 57:846–862.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schwarz M, Brown K. Small vessel vasculitis of the lung. Thorax 2000; 55:502–510.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Guillevin L, Cohen P, Gayraud M, Lhote F, Jarrousse B, Casassus P. Churg-Strauss syndrome: clinical study and long-term follow-up of 96 patients. Medicine 1999; 78:26–37.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salama AD, Levy J, Lightstone L, Pusey CD. Goodpasture’s disease. Lancet 2001; 358:917–920.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Phelps RG, Jones V, Turner AN, Rees AJ. Properties of HLA class II molecules divergently associated with Goodpasture’s disease. Int Immunol 2000; 12:1135–1143.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lamprecht P, Holle J, Wolfgang L. Pulmonary haemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1997; 6:445–448.
Google Scholar
Aringer M, Smolen JS. Cytokine expression in lupus kidneys. Lupus 2005; 14:13–18.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schwarz MI, Fontenot AP. Drug-induced diffuse alveolar haemorrhage syndromes and vasculitis. Clin Chest Med 2004; 25:133–140.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kalra A, Yokogawa N, Raja H, Palaniswamy C, Desai P, Zanotti-Cavazzoni SL, Rajaram SS. Hydralazine-induced pulmonary-renal syndrome: a case report. Am J Ther 2012; 19:e136–e138.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Collard HR, Schwarz MI. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Clin Chest Med 2004; 25:583–592.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Costabel U, du Bois RM, Egan JJ, editors. Diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Basel, Switzerlabd: Karger; 2007: pp. 250–263.
Merkel PA, Choi H, Niles JL. Evaluation and treatment of vasculitis in the critically ill patient. Crit Care Clin 2002; 18:321–344.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hudson BG, Tryggvason K, Sundara-moorthy M, Neilson EG. Alport’s syndrome, Good-pasture’s syndrome, and type IV collagen. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:2543–2556.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lau K, Wyatt R. Glomerulonephritis. Adolesc Med 2005; 16:67–85.
Google Scholar
Park MS. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2013; 74:151–162.
Google Scholar
Jennette JC, Wilkman AS, Falk RJ. Diagnostic predictive value of ANCA serology [editorial]. Kidney Int 1998; 53:796–798.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mazidi P, Bajestani S, Khan M, Khair T, Luis L. Goodpasture’s syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. Internet J Intern Med 2008; 7:1–5.
Google Scholar
Jara LJ, Vera-Lastra O, Calleja MC. Pulmonary-renal vasculitic disorders: differential diagnosis and management. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2003; 5:107–115.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Davies DJ. Small vessel vasculitis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2005; 14:335–346.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Papiris SA, Manoussakis MN, Drosos A, Kontogiannis D, Constantopoulos SH, et al. Imaging of thoracic Wegener’s granulomatosis: the computed tomographic appearance. Am J Med 1992; 93:529–536.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ando Y, Okada F, Matsumoto S, Mori H. Thoracic manifestation of myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) related disease. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2004; 28:710–716.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jennings C, King T, Tuder R, Cherniack RM, Schwarz MI. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with underlying isolated, pauciimmune pulmonary capillaritis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:1101–1109.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brown KK. Pulmonary vasculitis. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2006; 3:48–57.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tesar V, Rihova Z, Jancova E, Rysova R, Merta M. European randomized trials: current treatment strategies in ANCA-positive renal vasculitis-lessons from European randomized trials. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18:v2–v4.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hogan S, Falk RJ, Chin H, Cai J, Jennette CE, Jennette JC, Nachman PH. Predictors of relapse and treatment resistance in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated small vessel vasculitis. Ann Intern Med 2005; 143:621–631.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jones RB, Tervaert JW, Hauser T, Luqmani R, Morgan MD, Peh CA, et al., European Vasculitis Study Group. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:211–220.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
British Thoracic Society. Interstitial lung disease guideline; appendix 5, notes on cyclophosphamide therapy in ILD; British Thoracic Society, September 2008 Thorax 2008; 63, supplement V. Available at: http://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk.
Hu W, Liu C, Xie H, Chen H, Liu Z, Li L. Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide for inducing remission of ANCA vasculitis with moderate renal involvement. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23: 1307–1312.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Levy JB, Turner AN, Rees AJ, Pusey CD. Long term outcome of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease treated with plasma exchange and immunosuppression. Ann InternMed 2001; 134:1033–1042.
CAS
Google Scholar
Jayne D, Rasmussen N, Andrassy K, Bacon P, Tervaert JW, Dadoniene J, et al.Arandomized trial ofmaintenance therapy for vasculitis associatedwith antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:36–44.
White ES, Lynch JP. Pharmacological therapy for Wegener’s granulomatosis. Drugs 2006; 66:1209–1228.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Booth A, Harper L, Hammad T, Bacon P, Griffith M, Levy J, et al. Prospective study of TNF alpha blockade with infliximab in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-assocaited systemic vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15:717–721.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lamprecht P, Voswinkel J, Lilienthal T, Nolle B, Heller M, Gross WL, Gause A. Effectiveness of TNF-alpha blockade with infliximab in refractory Wegener’s granulomatosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002; 41:1303–1307.
CAS
Google Scholar
Wegener’s Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial (WGET) Research Group. Etanercept plus standard therapy for Wegener’s granulomatosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:351–361.
Google Scholar
Feldman M, Pusey CD. Is there a role for TNF-alpha in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis? Lessons fron other chronic inflammatory diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:1243–1252.
Google Scholar
Stasi R, Stipa E, Del Poeta GD, Amadori S, Newland AC, Provan D. Long term observation of patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyassociated vasculitis treated with rituximab. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45:1432–1436.
CAS
Google Scholar
Antoniu SA. Rituximab for refractory Wegener’s granulomatosis. Exp Opin Invest Drugs 2006; 15:1115–1117.
CAS
Google Scholar
Nowack R, Gobel U, Klooker P, Hergesell O, Andrassy K, van der Woude FJ. Mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance therapy of Wegener’s granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis: a pilot study in 11 patients with renal involvement. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10:1965–1971.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Langford CA, Talar-Williams C, Sneller MC. Mycophenolate mofetil for remission aintenance in the treatment of Wegener’s granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 51:278–283.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koukoulaki M, Jayne DR. Mycophenolate mofetil in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies-associated systemic vasculitis. Nephron Clin Pract 2006; 102:c100–c107.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Metzler C, Fink C, Lamprecht P, Gross WL, Reinhold-Keller E. Maintenance of remission with leflunomide in Wegener’s granulomatosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004; 43:315–320.
CAS
Google Scholar
Schmitt WH, Hagen EC, Neumann I, Nowack R, Flores-Suarez LF, van der Woude FJ, European Vasculitis Study Group. Treatment of refractory Wegener’s granulomatosis with antithymocyte globulin (ATG): an open study in 15 patients. Kidney Int 2004; 65:1440–1448.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Candan S, Pirat A, Varol A, Torgay A, Zeyneloglou P, Arslan G. Respiratory problems in renal transplant recipients admitted to intensive care during long-term follow-up. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:1354–1356.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Appel GB, Contreras G, Dooley MA, Ginzler EM, Isenberg D, Jayne D, et al. Aspreva Lupus Management Study Group. Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide for induction treatment of lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:1103–1112.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Smith KG, Jones RB, Burns SM, Jayne DR. Long term comparison of rituximab treatment for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis: remission, relapse, and re-treatment. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:2970–2982.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hanly JG. Antiphospholipid syndrome: an overview. CMAJ 2003; 168: 1675–1682.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fontana S, Kremer Hovinga JA, Lammle B, Mansouri Taleghani B. Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Vox Sang 2006; 90:245–254.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar